Bài giảng Tiếng anh Khối 9 - Structures

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1. 1. This is the first time + HTHT -> HTHT ( never before) Eg 1: This is the first time I have read that story. -> I have never read that story before. 2. He has never played chess before. -> This is the first time he has played chess.
2. PRACTICE 1. I have never met this girl before. -> This is the first time I have met this girl. 2. This is the first time he has spoken E. in class. -> He has never spoken E. in class before. 3. They have never eaten this kind of food before. -> This is the first time they have eaten this kind of food. 4. This is the first time we have tried that cake. -> We have never tried that cake before. 5. I have never played tennis before. -> This is the first time I have played tennis. 6. This is the first time they have eaten durians. -> They have never eaten durians before. 7. We have never sung E. songs before. -> This is the first time we have sung E. songs.
3. 2. So sánh nhất + HTHT -> HTHT + so sánh hơn Eg 1. This is the most interesting book I have ever read. -> I have never read a more interesting book. 2. This is the strongest man I have ever met. -> I have never met a stronger man.
4. PRACTICE 1. I have never visisted a bigger city. -> This is the biggest city I have ever visisted. 2. This is the best student she has ever met. -> She has never met a better student. 3. This is the most modern house he has ever known. -> He has never known a more modern house. 4. They have never met a more beautiful girl. -> This is the most beautiful girl they have ever met. 5. I have never seen a stronger boy. -> This is the strongest boy I have ever seen. 6. This is the best cake they have ever eaten. -> They have never eaten a better cake. 7. We have never bought a cheaper bike. -> This is the cheapest bike we have never bought
5. 3. QKĐ -> HTHT Eg 1. He last phoned me 2 weeks ago. -> He hasn’t phoned me for 2 weeks. 2. They last visited us in 2010. -> They haven’t visited us since 2010.
6. 1. I last visisted this city last year. -> I haven’t visisted this city since last year. 2. He last played tennis three months ago. -> He hasn’t played tennis for three months. 3. They haven’t eaten durians since they were young. -> They last ate durians when they were young. 4. I last watched a football match 3 years ago. -> I haven’t watched a football match for 3 years. 5. He hasn’t met her for 5 months. -> He last met her 5 months ago. 6. We last smoked cigarettes when we lived on the farm. -> We haven’t smoked cigarettes since we lived on the farm. 7. My brother hasn’t drunk wine for 5 years. -> My brother last drank wine 5 years ago.
7. 4. When + did + s + v ? -> How long + is it/ has it been + since + MĐ QK? Eg 1. When did you learn E? -> How long is it/ has it been since you learned E? 2. When did you last see him? -> How long is it/ has it been since you saw him?
8. 1. When did he meet her? -> How long is it since he met her? 2. How long is it since they visited you? -.> When did they visit you? 3. When did they play soccer? -> How long has it been since they played soccer? 4. How long is it since you read that book? -> When did you read that book? 5. When did he do his homework? -> How long is it since he did his homework? 6. When did you live here? -> How long has it been since you lived here? 7. How long has it been since he ate durians? -> When did he eat durians?
9. 5. start/begin + to-V/V-ing -> has/have + P.P/Ved+ Eg 1. He started learning E 2 weeks ago. -> He has learned E for 2 weeks. 2. They began visiting us in 2015. -> They have visited us since 2015. 3. I started to visist this city last year -> I have . 4. He began playing tennis three months ago.->He has 5. They started eating durians when they were five.->They 6. I began watching the football match at 7 o’clock.-> I have 7. They have learned to swim since they were young.-> They
10. 1. I started to visist this city last year. -> I have visisted this city since last year. 2. He began playing tennis three months ago. -> He has played tennis for three months. 3. They started eating durians when they were five. -> They have eaten durians since they were five. 4. I began watching the football match at 7 o’clock. -> I have watched the football match since 7 o’clock 5. They have learned to swim since they were young. -> They started learning to swim when they were young. 6. She has lived here since 2010. -> She began living here in 2010. 7. We have bought our car for two years. ->We started to buy our car two years ago.
11. Exercise 1. This is the first time I have sung before the class.->I have 2. They like driving to work.-> They are 3. She spends 20 minutes having breakfast everyday. ->It takes . 4. He is fond of skipping rope.-> He likes 5. He prefers reading E. to writing it.-> He would rather 6. It takes me 25 minutes to cook everyday.->I spend . 7. When did she last play tennis?-> How long is it .? 8. It started raining three days ago.-> It has . 9. They would rather walk than ride to school.-> They prefer 10. He last went to the zoo in 2015.->He hasn’t
12. CORRECTING TEST 1. ->I have never sung before the class before. 2. -> They are fond of driving to work. 3. ->It takes her 20 minutes to have breakfast everyday. 4. ->He likes skipping rope. 5. -> He would rather read E. than write it. 6. -> I spend 25 minutes cooking everyday. 7. -> How long is it since she played tennis? 8. -> It has rained for three days. 9. -> They prefer walking to riding to school. 10.->He hasn’t gone to the zoo since 2015.
13. 6. Would rather + V1 + than + V2 -> Prefer + V1-ing + to + V2-ing . Eg 1. I would rather read books than listen to music. -> I prefer reading books to listening to music. 2. I would rather learn Maths than learn E. -> I prefer learning Maths to learning E. 3. I would rather live in the country than live in the city.-> 4. I prefer cooking to washing the dishes.-> 5. They would rather play tennis than play soccer.-> 6. We prefer eating oranges to eating durians 7. He would rather speak E than learn E.->
14. 7. So + adj + that clause -> such + (a/an) + adj + N + that clause Eg 1. This car is so expensive that I can’t buy it. -> This/It is such an expensive car that I can’t buy it. 2. These shoes are so small that we can’t wear them. ->These/They are such small shoes that we can’t wear them. 3. That desk is so heavy that she can’t lift it.-> . 4. These are such difficult excercises that I can’t do them.-> 5. This cake is so hard that he can’t eat it.-> 6. It is such bad weather that we can’t go swimming.-> 7. The coffee is so hot that I can’t drink it.->
15. 8. Too +adj/adv +(for sb) + to-V Eg 1. This table is very heavy. I can’t carry it. -> This table is too heavy for me to carry. 2. He is very young. He can’t go to school. ->He is too young to go to school. 3. Your brother is very young. He can’t go swimming.-> 4. He was very old. He couldn’t ride the bumper car. -> 5. Mary was tired. She didn’t go on with the work. -> 6. I am very anxious. I can’t wait for you any longer.-> 7. This box is very heavy. He couldn’t move it.-> 8. The programme is very long. They can’t broadcast it.-> 9. This soup is very hot. I can’t eat it. ->
16. 9. adj/adv +enough + (for sb) + to-V . Eg 1. This car is very cheap. I can buy it. -> This car is cheap enough for me to buy. 2. Jack is very clever. He can do this work. ->Jack is clever enough to do this work. 3. Mary was very kind. She could help you with the work.-> 4. The movie was so exciting. It attracted all the audience.-> 5. He was very sick. He had to see a doctor.-> 6. The children are early. They can have good seat.-> 7. That house isn’t large. We can’t stay there for the night-> 8. These oranges are ripe. You can eat them.-> 9. She is very old. She can drive a car.->
17. 10. Spend + time + doing sth = It takes + sb +time + to do + sth Eg 1. It takes me 20 minutes to go to school every day. -> I spend 20 minutes going to school every day. 2. They spent 5 months building their house. ->It took them 5 months to build their house. 3. It takes John 30 minutes to walk to school.= John spends 4. It took us three days to repair his car. = We spent . 5. I will spend two weeks reading the new book. = It will take 6. It takes me one hour and a half to drive my children to school. = I spend . 7. It took us two days to paint our house.= We spent 8. They used to walk to school in half an hour.= It took
18. 11. like/enjoy/love/prefer + V-ing = be keen on/be fond of/ be interested in + V-ing Eg 1. I am interested in reading books. -> I like reading books. 2. My sister is fond of watching TV. -> My sister loves watching TV. 3. My mother likes cooking. = My mother is . 4. They enjoy doing the housework.= They are 5. You are interested in speaking English. = You love 6. I am keen on learning English. = I like . 7. He doesn’t like walking to school.= He is 8. My brother likes playing football.= My brother is 9. I love playing cards with my children at the weekend.=I am
19. English test for 15 minutes 1. This is the first time I have sung before the class.->I have 2. They like driving to work.-> They are 3. She spends 20 minutes having breakfast everyday. ->It takes . 4.That shirt is cheap. She can buy it. -> (enough to) 5. The weather was very cold. We couldn’t go out. (too to) 6. This exercise is so long that I can’t finish it in an hour. -> This/ It is such 7. When did she last play tennis?-> How long is it .? 8. It started raining three days ago.-> It has . 9. They would rather walk than ride to school.-> They prefer 10. He last went to the zoo in 2015.->He hasn’t
20. CORRECTING TEST 1. ->I have never sung before the class before. 2. -> They are fond of driving to work. 3. ->It takes her 20 minutes to have breakfast everyday. 4. That shirt is cheap enough for her to buy. 5. The weather was too cold for us to go out. 6. ->This/It is such a long exercise that I can’t finish it in an hour. 7. -> How long is it since she played tennis? 8. -> It has rained for three days. 9. -> They prefer walking to riding to school. 10.->He hasn’t gone to the zoo since 2015.
21. PART 1 I-Active and Passive Sentences (Câu chủ động và câu bị động). 1. Active sentences (Câu chủ động): + là câu trong đó chủ ngữ là người hay vật thực hiện hành động. E.g: They clean this house everyday. 2. Passive sentences (Câu bị động): + là câu trong đó chủ ngữ là người hay vật nhận hoặc chịu tác động của hành động. E.g: This house is cleaned everyday.
22. - Chú ý: + Nếu chủ ngữ trong câu chủ động là tên riêng xác định thì ta sử dụng lại trong câu bị động làm tân ngữ theo sau giới từ “by”.E.g: Mr Pike, Mrs Mary, Nam, E.g: This car is repaired by Mr Pike. + Các chủ ngữ I, we, you, they, she, he, it, one, people, someone, somebody, trong câu chủ động thường được lược bỏ, không dùng trong câu bị động. E.g: She often borrows my bicycle. My bicycle is often borrowed. - Trạng từ (ngữ) chỉ thời gian thì đứng sau “by” E.g: The report is typed by the secretary this morning - Trạng từ (ngữ) chỉ địa điểm thì đứng trước “by” E.g: He is found in the forest by the police.
23. 1. The present simple tense (HTĐ) S + be ( is/are/am) + .+ P.P/ V-ed + . (by O) Eg 1. They often clean the floor. -> The floor is often cleaned (by them). 2. Do you usually do the homework every evening? -> Is the homework done every evening? Dấu hiệu:- always, often, usually, sometimes, seldom =rarely, never, every - V/ V(s/es)/ do/does 3. Mary types letters in the office. 4. I don’t know her telephone number. 5. Do they teach English here? 6. How many marks does the teacher give you? 7. He never washes the dishes.
24. 2. The present continuous tense (HTTD) S + be ( is/are/am) + being + P.P/ V-ed + . (by O) Eg 1. They are cleaning the floor now. -> The floor is being cleaned now (by them). 2. Are you doing the homework at present? -> Is the homework being done at present (by you)? Dấu hiệu:- now, at present, at the moment, right now, listen!,Look!, Hurry up!, . – Be +V-ing, . 3. They are learning English in the room. 4. Mary is cutting a cake with a sharp knife. 5. Is she making big cakes for the party? 6. Who are they keeping in the kitchen? 7. He is having dinner with his family now.
25. 3. The present perfect tense (HTHT) S + has/have + been + P.P/ V-ed + . (by O) Eg 1. Somebody has taken some of my books away. -> Some of my books have been taken away. 2. Have they the window of the laboratory? -> Has the window of the laboratory been changed? Dấu hiệu:- just, already, ever, never, so far, not yet, since, for, up to now, lately, recently, – has/have + PP/V-ed, . 3. Has Tom finished the work? 4. They have provided the victims with food and clothing. 5. Have you finished your homework? 6. How long have they waited for the doctor? 7. They have sent enough money to those poor boys.
26. II. Change the following sentences into passive voice 1. They sell a special kind of tea here. A special kind of tea is sold here. 2. They are building many new roads in this city. Many new roads are being built in this city. 3. They have learned E. since they were 10 years old. E. has been learned since they were 10 years old. 4. Her parents are planting some palm trees right now. Some palm trees are being planted by her parents right now. 5. Does Mr Brown often hold a meeting in the hall? Is a meeting often held in the hall by Mr Brown?
27. 4. The past simple tense (QTĐ) S + be ( was/were) + P.P/ V-ed + . (by O) Eg 1. They cleaned the floor this morning. -> The floor was cleaned this morning.(by them). 2. Did you do your homework last night? -> Was your homework done last night? Dấu hiệu:- yesterday, last, ago, in (year), before, this morning, - V2/ V(-ed)/ did/didn’t
28. 3. Who asked her to come? -> By whom was she asked to come? 4. Peter broke this bottle. -> This bottle was broken by Peter. 5. Did they teach English here? -> Was English taught here (by them)? 6. They sent me a present last week. -> I was sent a present last week (by them)? 7. She gave us more information. -> We were given more information (by her).
29. 5. The past continuous tense (QKTD) S + be ( was/were) + being + P.P/ V-ed + . (by O) Eg 1. They were cleaning the floor at 8 p.m yesterday. -> The floor was being cleaned(by them)at 8 p.m yesterday. 2. Were you doing the homework when the light went out? -> Was the homework being done when the light went out? Dấu hiệu: -when, while, at noom, at midnight,at (8) a.m/p.m -was/were +V-ing, .
30. 3. They were learning English when their father went home. -> Was E. being learned (by them) when their father went home? 4. He was showing Mary some photos when I met them. -> Mary was being showed some photos when I met them. 5. Were they interviewing her when I entered? -> Was she being interviewed (by them) when I entered? 6. He was playing the guitar at 7 p.m last Sunday. -> The guitar was being played (by him)at 7 p.m last Sunday? 7. What were you doing at 8 a.m yesterday? -> What was being done (by you) at 8 a.m yesterday?
31. 6. The past perfect tense (QKHT) S + had+ been + P.P/ V-ed + . (by O) Eg 1. Somebody had taken some of my books away. -> Some of my books had been taken away. 2. Had they changed the window of the laboratory? -> Had the window of the laboratory been changed? Dấu hiệu: - just, before, after, already - had + PP/V-ed, .
32. 3. Had somebody cleaned my shoes? -> Had my shoes been cleaned? 4. No one had told me about it. -> I had been told about it. 5. What had you done before you played soccer? -> What had been done before you played soccer? 6. I had had breakfast before I went to school. -> Breakfast had been had (by me) before I went to school. 7. They came home after they had played tennis. -> They came home after tennis had been played.
33. 7. The simple future (TLĐ) S + will + be + P.P/ V-ed + . (by O) Eg 1. His father will help you tomorrow. -> You will be helped by his father tomorrow. 2. Will they hold the meeting before May Day? -> Will the meeting be held before May Day? Dấu hiệu: - tomorrow, next (week, month, year, ), soon, tonight, this (evening, summer, holiday), someday, . - will + V
34. 3. Will you invite her to your wedding party? -> Will she be invited to your wedding party? 4. Someone will tell him that news. -> He will be told that news. 5. William will not repair the car. -> The car will not be repaired by William? 6. When will he tell her the news? -> When will she told the news? 7. I will ask you a question. -> You will be asked a question.
35. HOMEWORK 1. Mary types letters in the office. 2. They sent me a present last week. 3. Do they teach English here? 4. Did the teacher give some exercises? 5. Is she making big cakes for the party? 6. Have you finished your homework? 7. How did the police find the lost man? 8. We haven’t done our homework yet. 9. I will show her my stamp collection. 10. He was showing Mary some photos when I met them.
36. CORRECTING HOMEWORK 1. -> Letters are typed in the office by Mary. 2. -> I was sent a present last week. (by them) 3. -> Is English taught here? 4. ->Were some exercises given by the teacher? 5. ->Are big cakes being made for the party (by her)? 6. ->Has your homework been finished (by you)? 7. ->How was the lost man found by the police? 8. ->Our homework hasn’t been done yet by us. 9. ->She will be showed my stamp collection by me. 10. ->Mary was being showed some photos when I met them.
37. 1. have + O (sb) + V + O (sth) -> have + O (sth) + P.P/V-ed + Eg 1. They had you buy some food. -> They had some food bought. 2. Will she have him repair her car? -> Will she have her car repaired?
38. 3. Will you have her turn off the lights? -> Will you have the lights turned off ? 4. My parents often have me clean the house. -> My parents often have the house cleaned. 5. They had us carry those tables into the room. -> They had those tables carried into the room. 6. Do you have them cook dinner? -> Do you have dinner cooked? 7. I will have him wash the dishes. -> I will have the dishes washed. 8. Are you going to have the shoemaker repair your shoes? ->Are you going to have your shoes repaired by the shoemaker? 9. I had my nephew paint the gate last week. ->I had the gate painted by my nephew last week.
39. 2. get + O (sb) + to-V + O (sth) -> get + O (sth) + P.P/V-ed + Eg 1. They got you to buy some food. -> They got some food bought. 2. Will she get him to repair her car? -> Will she get her car repaired?
40. 3. Will you get her to turn off the lights? -> Will you get the lights turned off ? 4. My parents often get me to clean the house. -> My parents often get the house cleaned. 5. They got us to carry those tables into the room. -> They got those tables carried into the room. 6. Do you get them to cook dinner? -> Do you get dinner cooked? 7. I will get him to wash the dishes. -> I will get the dishes washed. 8. I get her to sweep the floor. -> I get the floor swept. 9. I got my nephew to paint the gate last week. ->I got the gate painted by my nephew last week.
41. 3. S + make + sb + do sth (Sai khiến ai đó làm gì) -> S + be + made + to V + . Eg 1. They made me go out. -> I was made to go out. 2. He makes us learn new words every week. -> We are made to learn new words every week. 3. They made her cook lunch. 4. I make him learn the poem by heart. 5. He makes us learn new words every week. 6. We made her clean the floor every day. 7. They make Nam go to school early.
42. 4. can/must/could/may/should/have to/ (Vm) -> S + Vm + be + P.P/V-ed Eg 1. They can’t make tea with cold water. -> Tea can’t be made with cold water. 2. Could you feed the dog? -> Could the dog be fed? 3. We may do it tomorrow. 4. Must he give a final answer? 5. They have to pay the secretary. 6. What ought we to do about this? 7. He mustn’t clean the class.
43. 5. S + let + O(sb) + V (để/cho phép ai làm gì ) -> S + be + allowed + to-V Eg 1. My parents never let me do anything by myself. -> I'm never allowed to do anything by myself by my parents. 2. They don’t let us beat their dog. →We are not allowed to beat their dog. 3. She let him enter the room. 4. Her father let her marry soon. 5. They let her play tennis here. 6. She let him use her car. 7. He never lets us learn in his room.
44. 6. S + suggest + V-ing + O -> S + suggest + (that) + S + should be + PP/V-ed Eg 1. They suggested repairing the wall. -> They suggested (that) the wall should be repaired. 2. Mrs My suggested taking showers to save water. -> Mrs My suggested (that) showers should be taken to save water. 3. She suggested using banana leaves to wrap food. 4. Her father suggested reusing the bottles. 5. They suggested turning off the lights before going to bed. 6. She suggested carrying these desks into her room. 7. He suggested repainting his house.
45. 7. S + decide + to-V + O -> S + decide + (that) + S + should be + PP/V-ed Eg 1. They decided to repair the wall. -> They decided (that) the wall should be repaired. 2. Mrs Mai decided to take showers to save water. -> Mrs Mai decided (that) showers should be taken to save water. 3. She decided to use banana leaves to wrap food. 4. Her father decided to reuse the bottles. 5. They decided to turn off the lights before going to bed. 6. She decided to carry these desks into her room. 7. He decided to redecorate his house.
46. 8. S + remember + O + V-ing (nhớ đã làm ) -> S + remember + being + PP/V-ed Eg 1. I remember someone giving me this pen on my birthday. -> I remember being given this pen on my birthday. 2. I remember my brother taking me to the zoo. -> I remember being taken to the zoo by my brother. 3. They remember someone meeing them somewhere. 4. I remember my mother buying me a box of pen. 5. I remember Mr Minh repairing me a bike. 6. Does she remember giving the report to the secretary last week? 7. She remember people taking her to the airport.
47. 9. S + love/like/hate/mind/dislike, + O(sb) + V-ing . -> S + love/like/hate/mind/dislike, + being + PP/V-ed Eg 1. She likes her boyfriend telling the truth. -> She likes being told the truth by her boyfriend. 2. I don’t mind people keeping me waiting. -> I don’t mind being kept waiting. 3. They like us learning E. well.->They like . 4. I love my children eating much fruit.-> I love 5. I hate him telling lie. ->I hate . 6. He dislikes me playing soccer. ->He dislikes . 7. She likes me singing E. songs.->She likes .
48. 10. S + say/think/report/believe/expect + clause -> It + be + P.P/V-ed + clause -> S2 + be + P.P/V-ed + to-V/ to have +PP/V-ed Eg 1. People say (that) he is a good student. -> It is said (that) he is a good student. -> He is said to be a good student. 2. They think (that) she died in an accident. -> It is thought (that) she -> She is thought to have died in an accident. 3. Some people believe that 13 is an unlucky number. 4. People believed that the earth stood still. 5. They say that John is the brightest student in class. 6. I knew that they had told him of the meeting.
49. 3. Some people believe that 13 is an unlucky number. ->It is believed that 13 is / 13 is believed to be 4. People believed that the earth stood still. ->It was believed that ./ The earth was believed to stand 5. They say that John is brightest student in class. -> It is said that / John is said to be the 6. I knew that they had told him of the meeting. ->It was known that ./ They were known to have told . 7. They promise that the performance will start on time. ->It is promised that / The performance is promised to start 8. We believed that Alice would pass the driving test. ->It was believed that / Alice was believed to pass the 9. He told me that his football team had played well last season. ->It was told me that ./ His football team was told me to have played .
50. HOMEWORK 1. I had him turn on the air-conditioner. -> I had 2. People say that Nam is a bad student. -> It is 3. How can they open this safe? ->How can ? 4. I like her playing chess with me. -> I like . 5. I remember her playing table tennis with me.->I remember 6. We decided to repaint our house. -> We decided 7. She suggested recycling these unused cans.->She suggested 8. He made me sweep the floor. -> I was . 9. They had me turn off the faucets. -> They had . 10. She got him to cut her hair. ->She got
51. CORRECTING HOMEWORK 1. -> I had the air-conditioner turned on. 2. -> It is said that Nam is ./Nam is said to be a bad student. 3. ->How can this safe be opened? 4. -> I like being played chess with her. 5. ->I remember being played table tennis with her. 6. -> We decided (that) our house repainted. 7.->She suggested (that) these unused cans should be recycled. 8. -> I was made to sweep the floor. 9. -> They had the faucets turned off. 10. ->She got her hair cut.