Bài giảng Tiếng Anh Lớp 9 - Exercises on semantics 5

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1. EXERCISES ON SEMANTICS Mr. Anh
2. Exercise 46: (1) Which of the following is the phrase a tall tree? Circle your answer. (UNIT 5) (a) a referring expression (b) not a referring expression (c) sometimes a referring expression and sometimes not, depending on context and circumstances of use (2) Is the following statement correct (Yes) or incorrect (No)? Whether a sentence contains any referring expressions or not depends on the time and place at which the sentence occurs. Yes / No
3. (3) Which of the following sentences is equative? Circle your answer. (a) Mahmoud is an Egyptian (b) I was telling you about Mahmoud the Egyptian (c) Mahmoud is the Egyptian I was telling you about (d) Mahmoud is a genius (4) Does if have sense in the same way that dog has sense? Yes / No
4. (5) Do the expressions big and large have essentially the same sense in the following sentences? I live in a big house I live in a large house Yes / No (6) Circle those of the following words which can be referring expressions (in normal everyday English). John, below, Venus, swims, round, beautiful, under, went.
5. Answer: (1)(c) (2) No: replace ‘sentence’ by ‘utterance’ to get a correct statement. (3) (c) (4) No (5) Yes (6) John, Venus If you have scored less than 5 correct out of 6, you should review the relevant unit. If you have scored at least 5 correct out of 6, continue to the introduction.
6. Exercise 47: In the following sentences, delete the referring expressions and write down the remainder to the right of the example. We have done the first one for you. (1) My dog bit the postman bit (2) Mrs Wraith is writing the Mayor’s speech . (3) Cairo is in Africa (4) Edinburgh is between Aberdeen and York (5) This place stinks (6) John’s car is red (7) Einstein was a genius
7. Answer: (2) Mrs Wraith is writing the Mayor’s speech is writing (3) Cairo is in Africa is in (4) Edinburgh is between Aberdeen and York is between, and (5) This place stinks stinks (6) John’s car is red is red (7) Einstein was a genius was a genius
8. • Exercise 48: Listed below are the remainders from the above examples. In each case, write down the single word (or part of a word) which carries the most specific information. We have done the first one for you. (1) is writing write (2) is in . (3) is between, and . (4) Stinks . (5) is red . (6) was a genius .
9. Answer: (2) in (3) between (4) stink (5) red (6) genius
10. Exercise 49: Strip away referring expressions and the verb be (and possibly other elements) to identify the predicators in the following sentences: (1) I am hungry (2) Joe is in San Francisco (3) The Mayor is a crook (4) The man who lives at number 10 Lee Crescent is whimsical (5) The Royal Scottish Museum is behind Old College
11. Answer: (1) hungry (2) in (3) crook (4) whimsical (5) behind
12. Exercise 50: In the following sentences, indicate the predicators and arguments as in the above examples: (1) Dennis is a menace predicator: argument(s): (2) Fred showed Jane his BMW predicator: argument(s): (3) Donald is proud of his family predicator: argument(s): (4) The hospital is outside the city predicator: argument(s):
13. Answer: (1) pred: menace, arg: Dennis (2) pred: show, args: Fred, Jane, his BMW (3) pred: proud, args: Donald, his family (4) pred: outside, args: the hospital, the city
14. Exercise 51: Are the following predicates? (1) dusty Yes / No (2) drink Yes / No (3) woman Yes / No (4) you Yes / No (5) Fred Yes / No (6) about Yes / No
15. Answer: (1) Yes (2) Yes (3) Yes (4) No (5) No (6) Yes
16. Exercise 52: 1. In which of the following sentences does the predicate male function as a predicator? Circle your choice. (a) The male gorilla at the zoo had a nasty accident yesterday (b) The gorilla at the zoo is a male (c) The gorilla at the zoo is male 2. In which of the following sentences does the predicate human function as predicator? (a) All humans are mortal (b) Socrates was human (c) These bones are human
17. Answer: (1) (b), (c) (2) (b), (c)
18. Exercise 53: (1) Are the following sentences acceptable? (a) Thornbury sneezed Yes / No (b) Thornbury sneezed a handful of pepper Yes /No (c) Thornbury sneezed his wife a handful of pepper Yes / No (2) So is sneeze a one-place predicate? Yes / No (3) Are the following sentences acceptable in normal usage? (a) Martha hit Yes / No (b) Martha hit the sideboard Yes / No (c) Martha hit George the sideboard Yes / No
19. (4) So is hit a one-place predicate? Yes / No (5) Is die a one-place predicate? Yes / No (6) Is come a one-place predicate? Yes / No (7) Is murder (verb) a one-place predicate? Yes / No
20. Answer: (1)(a) Yes (b) No (c) No (2) Yes (3) (a) No (b) Yes (c) No (4) No (5) Yes (6) Yes (7) No
21. Exercise 54: (1) Are the following sentences acceptable? (a) Keith made Yes / No (b) Keith made this toy guillotine Yes / No (c) Keith made this toy guillotine his mother-in- law Yes / No (2) So is make a two-place predicate? Yes / No (3) Is murder a two-place predicate? Yes / No (4) Is see a two-place predicate? Yes / No
22. Answer: (1) (a) No (b) Yes (c) No (2) Yes (3) Yes (4) Yes
23. Exercise 55: For each of the following sentences, say whether it seems somewhat elliptical (i.e. seems to omit something that one would normally expect to be mentioned). Some of these sentences are more acceptable than others. (1) Herod gave Yes / No (2) Herod gave Salome Yes / No (3) Herod gave a nice present Yes / No (4) Herod gave Salome a nice present Yes / No (5) How many referring expressions are there in Sentence (4)
24. Answer: (1) Yes (2) Yes (3) Yes: one would normally mention the receiver of a present. (4) No (5) three
25. Exercise 56: (1) How many referring expressions are there in Your marble is under my chair? (2) Is Your marble is under acceptable in normal usage? Yes / No (3) Is Your marble is under my chair the carpet acceptable in normal usage? Yes / No (4) So, of what degree is the predicate under (i.e. a how-many-place-predicate is under)?
26. (5) Of what degree is the predicate near? (6) Is Dundee is between Aberdeen acceptable? Yes / No (7) Is Dundee is between Aberdeen and Edinburgh acceptable? Yes / No (8) Of what degree is the predicate between?
27. Answer: (1) two (2) No (3) No (4) two (5) two (6) No (7) Yes (8) three
28. Exercise 57: (1) How many referring expressions are there in Philip is handsome? (2) Is Philip is handsome John (not used when addressing John) acceptable? Yes / No (3) Of what degree is the predicate handsome? (4) Of what degree is the predicate rotten? (5) Of what degree is the predicate smelly?
29. Answer: (1) one (2) No (3) one (4) one (5) one
30. Exercise 58: (1) Is John is afraid of Fido acceptable? Yes / No (2) Does John is afraid seem elliptical (i.e. does it seem to leave something unmentioned)? Yes / No (3) Could afraid be called a two-place predicate? Yes / No (4) Is Your house is different from mine acceptable? Yes / No
31. (5) Does Your house is different seem elliptical? Yes / No (6) Of what degree is the predicate different? (7) Of what degree is the predicate identical? (8) Of what degree is the predicate similar?
32. Answer: (1) Yes (2) Yes (3) Yes (4) Yes (5) Yes (6) two (7) two (8) two
33. Exercise 59: (1) How many referring expressions are there in John is a corporal? (2) Is John is a corporal the army acceptable? Yes / No (3) Of what degree is corporal? (4) Of what degree is hero?
34. (5) Of what degree is crook? (6) How many referring expressions are there in This object is a pitchfork? (7) Of what degree is pitchfork?
35. Answer: (1) one (2) No (3) one (4) one (5) one (6) one (7) one
36. Exercise 60: (1) Does John is a brother seem somewhat odd? Yes / No (2) Is John is a brother of the Mayor of Miami acceptable? Yes / No (3) Could brother be called a two-place predicate? Yes / No (4) Could sister be called a two-place predicate? Yes / No
37. Answer: (1) Yes, it would be completely acceptable only in a somewhat unusual context. (2) Yes (3) Yes (4) Yes
38. Exercise 61: All of the following sentences contain a variant of the verb be. In which sentences does a form of be express the identity relation? Circle your choices. (1) This is a spider (2) This is my father (3) This is the person I was telling you about at dinner last night (4) The person I was telling you about at dinner last night is in the next room (5) The person I was telling you about at dinner last night is the man talking to Harry (6) The whale is a mammal
39. Answer: The identity relation is expressed by a form of be in sentences (2), (3), and (5).
40. Good luck!