Bài giảng Tiếng Anh Lớp 9 - Functional English Grammar 2 - Trương Văn Ánh

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1. Functional English Grammar: An Introduction for Second Language Teachers Mr. Trương Văn Ánh
2. Unit 2 Representing things Countability Mass and count nouns Mass nouns have only one form while count nouns have two forms: singular and plural. 1 2 Baggage a pen, pens Water a river, rivers Milk a cup, cups
3. Nouns which are both count and mass In a shopping center: Ex: I would like to buy a dozen of eggs. She bought a kilo of oranges. Coffee is sold in packets. The farmer raises many chickens. At a party: Ex: Would you like some egg? She ate some orange. Waiter, a coffee please! He eats some chicken.
4. We should not classify nouns into count or mass, but we should classify their uses into count or mass. Invariable plural nouns and collective nouns Some nouns have only plural forms. They have symmetrical parts. Ex: trousers, scissors, pliers, glasses, etc. Collective nouns are called plural when they are considered individual members. They are called singular when they are thought of as a whole.
5. Ex: Our family is happy. Our family go to work and school in the morning. Noun groups Noun groups can be considered expanded nouns. Ex: Milk is sweet. The milk in this glass is tasteless. Prem. Head Postmodifier In a noun group, the structure includes premodifier, head and postmodifier.
6. Functions within noun groups Ex: The three extremely angry factory workers from welding workshop who have been treated badly. The functions are analyzed as follows. The referring three quantifying extremely angry describing factory classifying who have been treated badly qualifying
7. Referrers There are four main kinds of Referrers: Articles: a, the, ZERO (no expressed Referrer) Demonstratives: this, that, these, those, such, the same, etc. Possessives: my, your, Mary’s, etc. Inclusives: all, either, both, each, every, no, etc. * They are mutually exclusive. Backward-pointing reference There is a student in the class. The student is from Binh Dinh.
8. Forward-pointing reference The rivers in South Vietnam. Outward-pointing reference The Prime Minister visits Vung Tau today. The reference is outside the context. Besides, there is another kind which is called generic reference indicating a whole class of things or animals. For example, the working class suffer from the oppression of the employers. Insects may cause serious diseases for human beings.
9. Nominalisation Other parts of speech may be used to indicate nouns. They are called the nominal. Ex: The poor face many difficulties. Swimming makes us strong. Would you like brown hat or black hat? The brown one.
10. Exercises Decide which of the following words are not nouns, and state, as explicitly as you can, how you reached your decision in each case: nation, listen, kingdom, liked, never, ability, of, development, useless, happiness, careful, quickly, and,
11. Exercises The following nouns are often used both as count nouns and as mass nouns. In each case think of a context in which the noun could be used as a count noun and a context in which it could be used as a mass noun (e.g., coffee in a shop and in a café). What generalizations can you make about the differences in meaning between the count and mass uses of these nouns? cheese chocolate experience wine life kindness metal noise business cake war work egg time
12. Exercises Think of a context in which all or most of the nouns used would be count nouns and a context in which all or most of the nouns used would be mass nouns. How can these contexts be exploited for teaching purposes? Suggest some activities for advanced students to sensilize them to differences in meaning between the same nouns treated as mass and treated as count.
13. Good luck!