Bài giảng ôn thi Tiếng Anh Lớp 9 - Passive voice and reported speech

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1. REVISION ENGLISH 9 PASSIVE VOICE AND REPORTED SPEECH
2. PASSIVE VOICE - Công thức câu bị động: câu chủ động: S + V + O câu bị động: S(o) + (BE) +P.P + (BY + O (s)) Lưu ý: Động từ câu chủ động ở dạng thì nào, chúng ta chia động từ “to be” theo đúng dạng thì đó. Chúng ta vẫn đảm bảo nguyên tắc chủ ngữ số nhiều, động từ TO BE được chia ở dạng số nhiều Động từ phân từ 2: nếu là V có qui tắc thì là Ved, nếu là V bất qui tắc thì ở cột 3 trong bảng V băt qui tắc. Eg: We planted a tree in the garden. (Chúng tôi đã trồng một cái cây ở trong vườn.) S1 V O ➤ A tree was planted in the garden (by us). S2 be V (PII) (Một cái cây được trồng ở trong vườn (bởi chúng tôi).) Lưu ý: “By us” có thể bỏ đi trong câu. Nếu là loại động từ có 2 tân ngữ, muốn nhấn mạnh vào tân ngữ nào người ta đưa tân ngữ đó lên làm chủ ngữ nhưng thông thường chủ ngữ hợp lý của câu bị động là tân ngữ gián tiếp. Ví dụ: I gave him a book = I gave a book to him = He was given a book (by me).
3. PASSIVE VOICE 1. Simple present: 1. Simple present: S + V/Vs/es + O. S(o) + IS / ARE / AM + V(p.p- ed) + by O. Ex: My sister cleans her room every day. Ex: Her room is cleaned by my sister every day. 2. Present continuous: 2. Present continuous: S + IS/ ARE/ AM + Ving + O. S(o) + IS / ARE / AM+ BEING + V(p.p- ed) + by O. Ex: The workers are building a new hospital. Ex: A new hospital is being built by the workers. 3. Present perfect: 3. Present perfect: S + HAVE/ HAS + P.P + O. S(o) + HAVE / HAS + BEEN + V(p.p- ed) + by O. Ex: They have used this room for ages. Ex: This room has been used for ages. 4. Simple past: 4. Simple past: S + Ved + O. S(o) + WAS / WERE + V(p.p- ed) + by O. Ex: I bought this book yesterday. Ex: This book was bought by me yesterday. 5. Past continuous: 5. Past continuous: S + WAS/ WERE + Ving + O. S(o) + WAS / WERE + BEING + V(p.p- ed) + by O. Ex: Son was doing his homework when we came. Ex: His homework was being done bt Son when we came. 6. Past perfect: 6. Past perfect: S + HAD + P.P + O. S(o) + HAD + BEEN + V(p.p- ed) + by O. Ex: People had finished this bridge by the end of last year. Ex: This bridge had been finished by(people) by the end of last year. 7. Simple future: 7. Simple future: S + WILL/ SHALL + Vinfinitive + O. S(o) + WILL / SHALL + BE + V(p.p- ed) + by O. Ex: Somebody will call Mr Green tonight. Ex: Mr Green will be called tonight. 8. Modal verbs: S + V(modal verb) + Vinfinitive + O. 8. Modal verbs: Ex: You must do it right now. S(o) + V(modal verb) + BE + V(p.p- ed) + by O. Ex: It must be done (by you) right now
4. EXERCISE: Change the following sentences into passive voice. 1. Henry studies English every day. 10. Does Tom do these exercises carefully? . 2. My friend wrote that letter for me. 11. People wear beautiful clothes on Tet holidays. . 3. Do they love you much? 12. She taught English to her sister last year. 4. Did they sell out all their books? 13. They didn’t invite Bill and Ann to the party. . 5. People can see my house from the bridge. 14. Men and women wore the traditional dress . frequently. 6. They were cutting some flowers when we came. . 15. They sell jeans all over the world. 7. They invited everyone to the meeting. 16. Someone stole all her valuable jewelry last night. 8. You must finish your exercise before leaving.
5. Change the following sentences into passive voice: 1. Henry studies English every day. ═►English is studied by Henry every day. 2. My friend wrote that letter for me. ═► That letter was written for me by my friend. 3. Do they love you much? ═► Are you loved much? 4. Did they sell out all their books? ═►All their books were sold out? 5. People can see my house from the bridge. ═►My house can be seen from the bridge. 6. They were cutting some flowers when we came. ═► Some flowers were being cutting when we came. 7. They invited everyone to the meeting. ═►Everyone was invited to the meeting. 8. You must finish your exercise before leaving. ═►Your exercise must be finished before leaving.
6. DIRECT AND REPORTED SPEECH 1. Bước 1 (đối với câu statements) 4. Bước 4: + Đổi trạng từ và đại từ chỉ định - said  said that. - This  that - said to  told that. - These  those. 2. Bước 2: + Đổi ngôi - Here  there 3. Bước 3: + Đổi thì (trừ một số trường hợp - Now  then. đặc biệt thì chúng ta không cần đổi thì) - Today  that day. - Is / are / am  was / were. - tonight  that night. - V1(S/ES)  V2 (ED). - ago  before. - Don’t/doesn’t  didn’t. - Tomorrow  the next day / the following day. - Can  could. - next week  the following week / the week after. - Will  would. - Yesterday  the day before / the previous day. - Must  had to. - May  might. - Should  should. - Ought to  ought to.
7. EXERCISES: A. Change the following statements into reported speech. 1. “I don’t have to go to the school library now”, John said. 2. “I have a wonderful time in Hanoi with my sister”, She said to me. 3. “I will teach you French tomorrow”, Michael said to Mary. 4. “I’m studying for my job”, Peter said. 5. “ I need to improve my pronunciation”, Lan said. 6. “The farmers like to wear jeans to work here”, Jack said. 7. “It must be quite late, we really must go”, my friends said. 8. “I can stay here till the beginning of October”, Van said. 9. “I will work for national bank tomorrow”, Mrs. Nga said. 10. “We are happy to see you”, the students said to Mrs. White.
8. KEY: A. Change the following statements into reported speech. 1. “I don’t have to go to the school library now”, John said. ═►John said that he didn’t have to go to the school library then. 2. “I have a wonderful time in Hanoi with my sister”, she said to me. ═► She told me (that) she had a wonderful time in Hanoi with her sister. 3. “I will teach you French tomorrow”, Michael said to Mary. ═►Michael told Mary that he would teach her French the following day. 4. “I’m studying for my job”, Peter said. ═►Peter said that he was studying for his job. 5. “I need to improve my pronunciation”, Lan said. ═► Lan said that she needed to improve her pronunciation.
9. B. Rewrite these Wh – Questions in reported speech: 1. “Where does your father work?” The teacher asked me. 2. “How far is it from HCM City to Vung Tau?” A tourist asked. 3. “How many people are there in your family?” She asked Lan. 4. “How long will you stay in England?” Tam’s friend asked him. 5. “What’s your hobby?” The teacher asked Lien.
10. Rewrite these Wh – Questions in reported speech: Example: - “What are you doing?”  The policeman asked the men what they were doing. - “Who is going for a walk?” he asked them.  He asked them who was going for a walk. - “How is your sister?”  She asked how my sister was.
11. Rewrite these Wh – Questions in reported speech: 1. “Where does your father work?” The teacher asked me. ═► The teacher asked me where my father worked. 2. “How far is it from HCM City to Vung Tau?” A tourist asked the guide. ═►A tourist asked the guide how far it was from HCM City to Vung Tau. 3. “How many people are there in your family?” She asked Lan. ═► She asked Lan how many people there were in her family. 4. “How long will you stay in England?” Tam’s friend asked him. ═► Tam’s friend asked him how long he would stay in England. 5. “What’s your hobby?” The teacher asked Lien. ═► The teacher asked Lien what her hobby was.
12. Rewrite the following Yes – No questions in reported use If or whether: 1. “Are you Mrs. Lien’s student” Lan asked me. 2. “Do you enjoy reading books?” Phong asked Peter. 3. “Does she like sports?” Hoa asked Lan. 4. “Do your sister and brother go to the same school?” She asked Nam. 5. “Are there some oranges in the fridge?” She asked her mom.
13. Rewrite these Wh – Questions in reported speech: Example: - “Do you see new friends?” he said.  He asked if / whether you saw new friends. - “Is there a cafe nearby?”  Tom asked if / whether there was a cafe nearby.
14. Rewrite these Wh – Questions in reported speech: 1. “Are you Mrs. Lien’s student” Lan asked me. ═► Lan asked me if/whether I was Mrs. Lien’s student. 2. “Do you enjoy reading books?” Phong asked Peter. ═► Phong asked Peter if/ whether he enjoyed reading books. 3. “Does she like sports?” Hoa asked Lan. ═► Hoa asked Lan if/ whether she liked sports. 4. “Do your sister and brother go to the same school?” She asked Nam. ═► She asked Nam if/ whether his sister and brother went to the same school. 5. “Are there some oranges in the fridge?” She asked her mom. ═► She asked her mon if/ whether there were some oranges in the fridge.
15. HOMEWORK: - Find 05 examples using passive voice. - Find 15 examples using reported speech. (statements, WH – questions, Y/N questions) - Prepare for: “Wish” sentences