Bài giảng môn Tiếng Anh - The Subjunctive mood (Thể giả định) - Trương Văn Ánh

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1. The Subjunctive mood Thể giả định Mr. Anh
2. PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE (Hiện tại giả định) Công thức: V CÁCH SỬ DỤNG: 1. Diễn tả ước muốn hoặc lời cầu nguyện. Thí dụ: Heaven help us. Long live Ho Chi Minh 2. Sau các động từ: command, demand, request, propose, suggest, intend, recommend, insist, urge, move, order, hoặc các danh từ có gốc từ những động từ này (intention, proposition, ) Thí dụ: The mayor ordered that the prisoner be released. It is his order that the prisoner be released.
3. 3. Sau các thành ngữ: it is necessary, it is important, it is imperative, it is advisable, it is good, it is better, it is best, it is essential, it is his wish, Thí dụ: It is advisable that you be careful in the lab. Lưu ý: HIỆN TẠI GIẢ ĐỊNH TƯƠNG ĐƯƠNG. - May + chủ ngữ + V Thí dụ: May you be happy in all your life. May God bless you. - Should + V Thí dụ: I move that a vote should be taken. He demands that he should be allowed to meet his lawyer.
4. PAST SUBJUNCTIVE (Quá khứ giả định) Công thức: V-ED Đặc biệt, ta sử dụng WERE cho tất cả các ngôi. CÁCH SỬ DỤNG: 1. Hành động ở điều kiện không thật ở hiện tại. Thí dụ: If I were a king now, I would title you knight. What would you do if I wrote on your book?
5. 2. Sau những thành ngữ: I wish (hiện tại) I'd rather, it is (high) time, would sooner, it is about time, would to god, Thí dụ: It is high time you went home. Would to god you were a better husband to me. 3. Trong câu so sánh giả định với as if và as though ở hiện tại. Thí dụ: He behaves as if he were rich. (In fact, he is poor.) She talks to her dog as though it understood her.
6. PAST PERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE (Quá khứ hoàn thành giả định) Công thức: Had +p.p. Quá khứ hoàn thành giả định và quá khứ hoàn thành cùng dạng. CÁCH SỬ DỤNG: 1. Câu điều kiện và ước muốn quá khứ không thật. Thí dụ: If the World Trade Center had not been destroyed, leader Omar and his men would not have been attacked.
7. Jack would have passed the test last time unless he had spent so much time in the nightclub. He wishes that he had been in Da Lat yesterday. 2. Trong câu so sánh giả định với as if và as though ở quá khứ. Thí dụ: Last night he spoke to us as if he had been a king.
8. The Subjunctive is used after the following verbs: to advise (that) to ask (that) to command (that) to demand (that) to desire (that) to insist (that) to propose (that) to recommend (that) to request (that) to suggest (that) to urge (that)
9. The Subjunctive is used after the following expressions: It is best (that) It is crucial (that) It is desirable (that) It is essential (that) It is imperative (that) It is important (that) It is recommended (that) It is urgent (that) It is vital (that) It is a good idea (that) It is a bad idea (that)
10. Negative, Continuous and Passive Forms of Subjunctive The Subjunctive can be used in negative, continuous and passive forms. Negative Examples: The boss insisted that Sam not be at the meeting. The company asked that employees not accept personal phone calls during business hours. I suggest that you not take the job without renegotiating the salary.
11. Passive Examples: Jake recommended that Susan be hired immediately. Christine demanded that I be allowed to take part in the negotiations. We suggested that you be admitted to the organization. Continuous Examples: It is important that you be standing there when he gets off the plane. It is crucial that a car be waiting for the boss when the meeting is over. I propose that we all be waiting in Tim's apartment when he gets home.
12. Should as Subjunctive After many of the above expressions, the word "should" is sometimes used to express the idea of subjunctiveness. This form is used more frequently in British English and is most common after the verbs "suggest," "recommend" and "insist." Examples: The doctor recommended that she should see a specialist about the problem. Professor William suggested that Wilma should study harder for the final exam.
13. Use the correct tense: 1. It's important that she (remember) to take her medicine twice a day. 2. I suggest that Frank (read) the directions carefully before assembling the bicycle. He doesn't want the wheels to fall off while he is riding down a hill 3. Mrs. Finkelstein demanded that the heater (repair) immediately. Her apartment was freezing. 4. It's vital that the United States (focus) on improving its public education system. What we do now will affect our country for generations to come.
14. 5. The monk insisted that the tourists (enter) the temple until they had removed their shoes. 6. I am not going to sit here and let her insult me. I demand that she immediately (apologize) for what she just said. 7. Judy asked that we (attend) her graduation ceremony next week. 8. Was it really necessary that I (sit) there watching you the entire time you were rehearsing for the play? It was really boring watching you repeat the scenes over and over again.
15. 9. It is important to remember that Janine (think) very differently from you. She may not agree to the changes you have made in the organization of the company. 10. It's a little difficult to find the restaurant. I propose that we all (drive) together so that nobody gets lost along the way. 11. The woman insisted that the lost child (take) to store's information desk so his parents could be paged. 12. The nutritionist recommended that Sally (reduce) her daily fat intake.
16. 13. The environmental leader felt it was extremely important that the people of the city (allow) to voice their concerns over the new hotel being built on the bay. 14. She told me that the government (regulate) the airline industry. I don't know if that is true. 15. The sign at the pool recommended that you (swim) after eating a large meal. 16. It is necessary that a life guard (monitor) the summing pool while the children are taking their swimming lessons.
17. 17. The sun is scorching today. I suggest you (put) on sunblock immediately before you get a sun burn. 18. John insists that Sarah (invite) to the wedding; otherwise he will not attend. 19. I think it's an interesting fact that she (come) from Estonia. 20. It is imperative that the world (work) towards a solution to global warming before the weather patterns of the world are disrrupted irreparably.
18. FILL THE GAPS IN THE SENTENCES USING THE WORDS GIVEN. 1. If I had more money, (you / marry) me? 2. He wouldn't help you if .(he / not / like) you. 3. (you / find) the machine is quite simple to operate if you look at the manual. 4. (your parents / not / be) proud if they could see you now? 5. If (I / not / revise) thoroughly, I may fail my test. 6. If you wanted to buy someone a really good present, what sort of thing (you / look for)?
19. 7. You'd have a lot more friends if (you / not / be) so mean. 8. How (you / feel) if you were in my position? 9. Would you change your job if (you / can)? 10. If the city ___ (expand) the parking lot space downtown, we would not have to park so far away from the movie theatre. 11. Whenever my roommate ___ (snore) loudly, I cannot sleep. 12. Children may be disappointed if they ___ (not receive) good grades. 13. If we ___ (not take) an exam on the conditional, we might not have learned it. 14. Maya ___ (not pass) her driving test unless she calms down.
20. 15. If it ___ (be) winter, all these trees would be covered in snow. 16. Had it not rained, the farmers ___(lose) all of their crops. 17. If the airplane had not had a mechanical problem, we probably ___ (arrive) in Winnipeg by now. 18. We ___(lie) on the beach in Mexico right now if we had been able to get our visas on time. 19. I ___ (try) to find more opportunities to write in English if I were you. 20. If I (win) ___ the lottery, I would go to Paris.
21. Key: 1. would you marry me? 2. did not like 3. You will find 4. Weren’t your parents 5. I don’t revise 6. would you look for7. you weren’t 8. would you feel 9. you could 10. Expanded 11. Snores 12. don’t receive 13. hadn’t taken 14. won’t pass 15. Were 16. would have lost 17. would have probably arrived 18. would have lied 19. would try 20. won
22. Good luck!