Bài giảng Tiếng Anh - Sentence Patterns - Trương Văn Ánh

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1. Sentence Patterns (Summary) Trương Văn Ánh Trường Đại học Sài Gòn
2. • Main elements: Subject, Verb, Complement, Object (Direct Object, Indirect Object) • Subordinate (minor) elements: Attribute (modifying nouns), Adverb (modifying verbs, adjectives, adverbs, phrases, clauses and whole sentences)
3. • Pattern 1: S + Be + C (Adj /Prep. Phr.) • Pattern 2: S + Be + C (Adv) • Pattern 3: S + Be + C (N) • Pattern 4: S + Vl + C (Adj) • Pattern 5: S + Vl + C (N) • Pattern 6: S + Vi [intransitive] • Pattern 7: S + Vt + DO [monotransitive] • Pattern 8: S + Vt + IO + DO [ditransitive]
4. • Pattern 9: S + Vt + DO + a. C (N) • b. C (Adj) • c. C (Pro) • d. C (Adv) • e. C (Pre. Part.) • f. C (Past Part.) • g. C (Prep Phrase) • h. C (Inf. Phrase / To BE) • i. C (bare infinitive phr)
5. The nine above sentence patterns include only main elements (Subject, Verb, Object, Complement, and Object). There are two kinds of Complements: Subject Complements (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) and Object Complements (9). There are also two kinds of Objects (Direct Object/thing and Indirect Object/person) Besides main elements, there are two minor elements to enlarge sentences: Attribute (modifying nouns) and Adverb (modifying verbs, adjectives, adverbs, phrases, clauses and whole sentences).
6. Basic Sentence Patterns TO BE (Patterns 1,2,3) Pattern 1: N(S) Be (V) Adj (C) Ex: Food is good. Sometimes a prepositional phrase can replace an adjective. Ex: The teacher was in bad mood. Pattern 2: N(S) Be(V) Adv (C) Ex: The girl is here. The game will be at three o’clock. 6
7. Pattern 3: N1(S) Be(V) N1(C) Ex: My brother is a doctor. LINKING/INTENSIVE VERB (Patterns 4 and 5) Pattern 4: N(S) Vl ADJ(C) Ex: The acrobat seems young. The screw worked loose. The defendant stood firm. Pattern 5: N1(S) Vl N1(C) Ex: He remains a doctor. She becomes a lecturer. 7
8. INTRANSITIVE VERB Pattern 6: N(S) Vi [intransitive] Ex: The sportsmen cried. The sportsmen were crying in the stadium. TRANSITIVE VERB (Patterns 7,8,9) Pattern 7: N1(S) Vt N2 (DO) [monotransitive] Ex: The boy caught a ball. He loved a doctor. Pattern 8: N1(S) Vt N2 (IO) N3 (DO) [ditransitive] Ex: He gave her some flowers. (He gave them to her). He gave some flowers to her. She was given some flowers. Some flowers were given to her. 8
9. Pattern 9: N1(S) Vt N2 (DO) a. N2(C) b. Adj(C) c. Pro(C) d. Adv(C) e. Pre. Part. (C) f. Past Part. (C) g. Prep Phrase(C) h. Inf. Phrase / To BE(C) i. bare infinitive phr (C) a. The basketball team chose Charlotte captain. b. He considered her brilliant. c. I thought the caller you. NOTES: This is a complex transitive verb. 9
10. d. We supposed him upstairs. e. She saw him crying. f. I believe him seated. g. We considered her in the way. h. We thought Chico to be a fine player. i. We heard him sing a song. (complete action) (We heard him singing a song). (a part of action) 10
11. Attribute: (định ngữ) modifies nouns. It stands before or after nouns. (Noun modifier) Ex: A full bag; a bag full of gold The car in front of the building The car stops in front of the building. Adverb: (Trạng ngữ) modifies verbs, adjectives, other adverbs, phrases, clauses and sentences. (Verb/Adj/Adv/Phrase/clause/ sentence modifier) Ex: She sings beautifully. He is very tall. He runs very fast. The car just in front of the building. Generally, he is reliable. 11
12. Conventional Colors Subject: black Verb: red Complement: green (two kinds) Object: blue (two kinds) Attribute: brown Adverb: violet/purple Notes: To analyze the sentence elements, we suggest using the above colors to highlight them. 12
13. Good luck!