Bài giảng Tiếng Anh - Compound sentence (Câu ghép) - Trương Văn Ánh

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1. COMPOUND SENTENCE Trương Văn Ánh Trường Đại học Sài Gòn
2. COMPOUND SENTENCE (Câu ghép) Câu ghép bao gồm hai câu hơn kết hợp lại. Thường các câu đơn này được rút gọn lại. Trong câu ghép các câu đơn được gọi là mệnh đề đẳng lập. Các mệnh đề này bằng nhau về chức năng. Có 5 loại câu ghép với 5 nhóm liên từ đẳng lập.
3. 1- Nhóm AND : Chỉ sự thêm vào (addition) a) Hai mệnh đề được kết hợp bởi: AND, AS WELL AS, BOTH AND, NOT ONLY BUT ALSO/AS WELL. Thí dụ: They are not only generous but also hospitable. He is lazy as well as dirty. The Vietnamese are both heroic and industrious.
4. b) Hai mệnh đề có thể được tách ra, các liên từ là: MOREOVER, FURTHERMORE, WHAT IS MORE, IN ADDITION, BESIDES, ALSO, AGAIN, Thí dụ: Bill Gates is intelligent; what is more, he works very diligently. Mary buys some meat. In addition, she gets some fish. TAM is very kind. Also, she works very hard.
5. 2- Nhóm BUT : Chỉ sự tương phản. Các liên từ là: BUT, STILL, HOWEVER, WHEREAS, WHILE, YET, NEVERTHELESS, ON THE OTHER HAND, ON THE CONTRARY, ONLY, FOR ALL THAT, Thí dụ: She is ugly, for all that she is very intelligent. Tom works hard, but he can not buy a house. The door is very old; nevertheless, it is very strong. Luc Van Tien is studious. On the contrary, Trinh Ham and Bui Kiem are lazy.
6. 3- Nhóm OR : Chỉ sự lựa chọn ho ặc thay thế. a) OR, EITHER OR, WHETHER OR và NEITHER NOR nối các từ, mệnh đề hoặc cụm từ. Thí dụ: Neither you nor she is right. Either he or I have to go to the market every day. b) OR ELSE và OTHERWISE nối các mệnh đề. Thí dụ: He has to work hard, otherwise he will be fired.
7. 4- Nhóm SO : Chỉ hệ quả Các liên từ của nhóm này là SO, THEREFORE, THUS, HENCE, CONSEQUENTLY, ACCORDINGLY, AS A RESULT, Thí dụ: Hien goes to evening class regularly. So she learns English well. Jack has stayed in the rain for two hours. Hence he has a cold. The mouse died in the corner two days ago. Therefore, it smells rotten.
8. 5. FOR (cause/ reason): chỉ nguyên nhân, được sử dụng rất nghiêm ngặt như sau. FOR không thể ở đầu câu. Thí dụ: Because he broke the glass, he is punished. (FOR is impossible) FOR không thể sau NOT và BUT. Thí dụ: He can’t learn English not because he is lazy, but because he is poor. ( FOR is impossible) FOR không thể sử dụng để trả lời các câu hỏi với WHY. Thí dụ: Why did they leave early? - Because the boss behaved badly. ( FOR is impossible)
9. Exercise: Write “compound” for a compound sentence and write “complex” for a complex sentence: 1. He learned hard so he won a star prize. ___ 2. They went home because they had no money. _ 3. They failed because they worked lazily. ___ 4. When he had finished his work, he went home.
10. 5. He said that he was miserable. 6. We are lucky that it is fine. ___ 7. The house which she bought is new. ___ 8. You should learn hard so that you will get good marks. 9. Longan orchard is shady; moreover, the people are warm. ___ 10. What they told us is surprising. ___
11. Good luck!