Bài giảng Tiếng Anh - Adverb clauses - Trương Văn Ánh

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1. ADVERB CLAUSES Trương Văn Ánh Trường Đại học Sài Gòn 1
2. If a clause modifies a verb, an adjective, an adverb, a phrase, a clause or a sentence, it will be called an adverb clause. In Vietnam now there are 9 kinds od adverb clauses. We have collected 10 kinds of adverb clauses to present in this file. 2
3. 1. Adverb clause of place: Conjunctions: where, wherever Ex: A wife often goes wherever her husband goes. The old man comes back where he was born. The hunter crawled where a deer lay. The ants move wherever there is something sweet and delicious. The old man comes back to the village where he was born. (Adj.CL) I don’t know where he was born. (N.CL) 3
4. 2. Adverb clause of time: Conjunctions: When, While, After, Before, Until, Since, As, As soon as, No sooner than, As long as, By the time, Once, Scarcely (Hardly) when, etc. Ex: It gets cold when winter comes. After he had passed level B examination, he felt relieved. I will wait until you come back. No sooner had she come home than she went into the kitchen. We feel happy once we have done something for somebody. 4
5. By the time the police arrived, the robbers had gone away. The Christmas tree will have been decorated when it is dark. 3. Adverb clause of manner: Conjunctions: As, As if, As though, In that Ex: Jack spends a lot of money as if he were rich. (In fact, he is poor). He supports his family in that he sells waste glass and duck feather. He works hard as a slave does. 5
6. When you are in Rome, do as the Romans do. He walks slowly as if he were sick.( In fact, he is fine). He walks slowly as if he is sick.( It is true that he is sick). 4. Adverb clause of cause: Conjunctions: Because, Since, As, Seeing that, Now that, etc. 6
7. Ex: Vietnamese people are admired by friends all over the world because they have defeated many powerful aggressors. Seeing that her mother was ill, she stayed at home. Now that English has become popular, a lot of people learn it. Since a lot of people pour into streets during the rush hour, there are often traffic jams. As the younger brother had worked very hard, he had saved a lot of money. The climate has become severe because the environment has been destroyed. 7
8. 5. Adverb clause of purpose: Conjunctions: So that, In order that, Lest, For fear that, In case, etc. Ex: We learn hard so that we can get level C certificate in August. He locked the door carefully lest some thief might not enter the house. The little girl broke her money box in order that she could donate all of it to the victims of the flood. He covers the pile of sand with a plastic sheet for fear that it will be wet in the rain. 8
9. 6. Adverb clause of concession: Conjunctions: Though, Although, As, Even though, Even if, However + Adv/Adj, No matter what( who, where, how, etc), Whatever + nouns, Whoever, Whether Or not, In spite of the fact that, etc. Ex: Hard as he tries, he fails. No matter how rich he is, she will never marry him. Whether you like English or not, you should try hard to learn it. 9
10. Whatever difficulties he meets, he will be able to overcome them. Poor as he was, he won a national prize. It doesn't matter what you say, I will not forgive you. No matter where he lives, everybody loves him. He can enter university although all his four limbs have been paralyzed. 10
11. 7. Adverb clause of comparison: Conjunctions: as, than. Ex: Today it rains as heavily as it did yesterday. We made more progress last year than the year before. More people learn English than any other foreign language. Not so much oil was exploited in the past as today. 11
12. 8. Adverb clause of result: Conjunctions: so that, such that Ex: He runs so fast that they can not follow him. He made so many mistakes that the teacher was very angry. He has so little money that he can not buy even a loaf of bread. She has so few books that she can read all of them in a few days. He had drunk so much wine that he lay in bed all day. 12
13. Special cases: He is such an intelligent boy that he can enter university at the age of ten. He is so intelligent a boy that he can enter university at the age of ten. Such that: Mr Smith has such an intelligent son that he is very proud. He drank such contaminated water that he had diarrhea. 13
14. Inversion: Ex: So many mistakes did he make that the teacher was very angry. Such an intelligent son does Mr Smith have that he is very proud. So little money does he have that he can not buy even a loaf of bread. So fast does he run that they can not follow him. 14
15. 9. Adverb clause of condition: Conjunctions: if, unless, supposing, provided, as long as, so long as, etc. Ex: If it rains well, the farmers will get good crops. You can use my telephone if you need. If he wanted to learn well, he had to keep silent in class. Jack would have passed the test last time unless he had spent so much time in the nightclub. 15
16. Mixed condition: Ex: If he had learned hard in the past, he might pass the exam now. Inversion: Ex: Were I you, I would learn English hard Had the World Trade Center not been destroyed, leader Omar and his men would not have been attacked. 16
17. 10. Adverb clause of reservation: Conjunctions: Except that, for the fact that Ex: It is a good teaching period except that a lot of students are absent. • The same clause can play three roles: I don 't know where he lives. N. CL She will go where he lives. ADV. CL She knows the house where he lives. ADJ. CL 17
18. Identify the subordinate clauses in the following sentences 1. If you learn English well, you can find a good job in the future. 2. That diamond is precious is known clearly. 3. The place where the accident has taken place is blocked by the police. 4. When he will leave the company is kept secret. 5. The reason why an apple thrown into the air falls down is explained with gravity. 6. While he was in Phong Nha cave, he bought some grapefruits. 7. The pagoda to which a lot of pilgrims come is famous in the area. 8. A lot of tourists have come to Hue because it is known for the royal palaces and old tombs. 9. She sings as well as a lark does. 10. Although the flagpole was strong, the wind blew it 18 down.
19. 11. What he has said is true. 12. She will move where her father works. 13. We do not know where her father works. 14. She points to the office where her father works. 15. The lesson that the teacher taught was very interesting. 16. The lesson that gravity was explained was very interesting. 17. It is natural that iron sinks in water. 18. It was so cold that some old people died. 19. He wants to know whose child has broken his window. 20. The man whose child has broken the window will compensate it. 19
20. Good luck! 20